Guest Blog: Russ Collins Responds to Steven Spielberg

Last week, a lot of eyebrows were raised when Steven Spielberg, of all people, predicted the ‘implosion’ of the film industry. Russ Collins, who is the head of the Art House Convergence among the many hats he wears, wrote the following as an email to the art houses across the country. With his permission, I am reprinting it in it entirety as a guest blog. It’s a must read for anyone contemplating the state of the film industry.

By Russ Collins,
CEO, Michigan Theater – Ann Arbor
Director, Art House Convergence
Artistic Director, Cinetopia Festival

CLOSE ENCOUNTERS OF THE IMPLOSION KIND

I am not a doom and gloom guy. However, it is tempting for older cinema artists (like Steven Spielberg and soon to retire artists like Steven Soderbergh or maybe it’s just filmmakers named Steven!) to see gloom in clouds of change. Change is hard. It frequently makes us feel discouraged or unfairly challenged. The shifting sands of change can cause us to see threats everywhere and feel the world as we know it will end.  However, maybe we feel this way because it’s true. The world as we know it will indeed come to an end because change is the only constant, and creativity in art, business and all things is frequently born from what might appear to be destructive forces brewed from dynamic change. It is a defining story of living; a baseline truth, an ever repeating cycle of human existence that the Hindu religion represents so effectively in the story Shiva, whose joyous dance of destruction celebrates the cycle of creation, preservation and dissolution.

SHIVA DANCED ON THE MOVIES IN THE 1950s

Movie attendance at theaters in the USA by the late 1940s appeared stable at 4 BILLION admissions per year.  By the early 1960s movie attendance at theaters had fallen dramatically and re-stabilized at around 1 billion admissions per year – the theatrical audiences was just 25% of what it had been 16 years earlier. It’s hard to imagine. We can feel better about movie attendance over the last 16 years because at about 1.4 billion annually, USA theatrical movie admissions have been fairly stable.  However, as a highly profitable, highly centralized business model, the movies – the pre-TV, Hollywood studio system heyday of the 20s, 30s and 40s – died in the 1950s. Shiva danced and Hollywood’s heyday died as television became a mature mass media market. During the 1950s, television replaced movies as the mass market media phenomenon of the 20th century. So the truth is, since the 1950s, movies, meaning all movies shown in theaters, are not “main stream.” Movies shown in theaters are merely a specialty market with larger market segments (Hollywood blockbusters – action blockbuster, comedy blockbusters, Black blockbusters, chick flick blockbuster, kid live-action blockbusters, kid animated blockbuster, etc.) and smaller market segments (Indie American, documentary, classic, foreign, Masterpiece Theatre style, etc.) and sub-segments (mumblecore, experimental, films by local filmmakers, silent-era, Black American Indie, Jewish, French, German, Polish, Chilean, Brazilian, Iranian, Burkina Fasoian, Senegalese, Palestinian, Indian, Chinese, Korean, Japanese, Scandinavian, Ethiopia, Nigerian, Mexican, Canadian, classic noir, restored films, screwball comedies, Marx Bros., Woody Allen, Hitchcock, Kubrick, Ford, Sturges, Fellini, Truffaut, Warhol, Waters, etc., etc. etc.). Today, broadcast television is flat on its back because pay-per-view, paid-legit streaming, pirate streaming, cable, computer, smart phone, tablets, etc. are the “television” of today.

EVERY CINEMA ERA IS A HALCYON ERA TO SOMEBODY

During the second-half of the 20th Century, the era in which TV has dominated, movie journalists and scholars seem to divide the post-Hollywood studio movie era into the following sub-eras:

  • The foreign film Art House / college movie society / Sex, Drugs and Rock & Roll generation saves Hollywood world of the late 50s, 60s and on into the mid-70s;
  • The Indie Cinema / Burgeoning Home Video / Hollywood Summer Blockbuster world of the late-70s, 80s and 90s;
  • The DIY-Mumblecore -Funny or Die / Pirate ethos / Digital Transition / Netflix queue / Hollywood Comic Book-Remake world of the early 21st century.

People in the movie business of different generations attach a “halcyon days” glow to different eras:

  • The Post-WWII-Early Baby Boomer generation seems to think the 60s youth reinvention of Hollywood is the halcyon era – folks like Robert Redford, Martin Scorsese, Steven Spielberg, George Lucas, Francis Ford Coppola.
  • The mid-to-late Baby Boomers and early GenXers appear to think that the Sundance/Miramax/New Line-Fine Line / Video Store / Indie Film Paradise of the 80s and 90s are the halcyon days – folks like Steven Soderbergh, Spike Lee, Quentin Tarantino, Jim Jarmusch, Kevin Smith.
  • Probably folks like the Duplass Brothers, Greta Gerwig, Debra Granik, Benh Zeitlin , the Funny Or Die guys and gals and other filmmakers finding success in the current era will look back at the tweny-00s as a halcyon era of celluloid dreams found during the digital transition. An era that provided limitless YouTube possibilities, when the number of community-based, mission-driven Art Houses cinemas were growing (due to the Art House Convergence!) and everyone had the ability to earn a post graduate motion picture education at Netflix U.

So, instead of filmmakers and pundits making broad statements assuming that movie exhibition exists as one giant main stream market; let’s instead think about the theatrical exhibition market place as the segmented and diverse market that it is – and has been for generations!

STEVEN SPIELBERG WAS AN AGENT OF CHANGE: WHY IS CHANGE FOREBODING TO HIM NOW

The media and the general public seem to easily accept sweeping unsubstantiated statements about the movie exhibition market place. However, people seem to have a more nuanced and complex understanding of the music market. No one thinks of Lady Gaga, Winton Marcellus and the Boston Symphony playing to a large, singular music market. People seem to understand that each of these artists have their niche. So if pundits or a prominent musician said that the music industry will collapse unless arena shows continue to be successful (by the way, there are fewer and fewer arena shows these days), that pundit or musician would be mocked by Jon Stewart on the “Daily Show.”  However, this is basically what Steven Spielberg said would happen to the film market.  To illustrate this point I have replaced references to “movies,” in Steven Spielberg’s recent statement postulating that the movies will “implode,” with the appropriate musical reference:

“[Some ideas from young MUSICIANS AND MUSIC STUDENTS] are too fringe-y for MUSIC. That’s the big danger, and there’s eventually going to be an implosion — or a big meltdown. There’s going to be an implosion where three or four or maybe even a half-dozen megabudget CONCERTS are going to go crashing into the ground, and that’s going to change the paradigm.”

Mr. Spielberg is a great artist in my opinion. He has a peerless career. His artistry and craftsmanship was so resonant with broad audiences in the 1970s and 1980s, that he was significantly responsible for creating the summer blockbuster dynamic (“Jaws”) that allowed for the development of “megabudget” movies.  For him to say that young filmmakers and film students are “too fringe-y” is absolutely true – they always have been fringy (but some are not – which is also true).  To say that “[an implosion is] going to change the paradigm” is also true, because something is always changing paradigms – clearly Spielberg was an innocent agent of paradigm change as a young filmmaker!

Think about the world that Mr. Spielberg came into as a young filmmaker in the late 1960s and 1970s. The old line Hollywood Studios were reeling. There were no megaplex theaters – the movie exhibition innovation of that era was multiplex cinemas in shopping malls with postage stamp size theaters and screens.  These shopping mall cinemas were causing the few remaining movie palaces, as well as single screen neighborhood cinemas to be abandoned or “twinned” or “quaded.” In the 1970s there was no generally accessible Internet or movie streaming. For all intents and purposes there were no video rental stores or home video. Mr. Spielberg’s career was established during a period of a HUGE paradigm shift. He benefited from the newly created blockbuster movie marketing. He profited from the soon to follow home video explosion.  But, I have to imagine from Mr. Spielberg point of view, the paradigm shift in the 1970s was just the new “normal,” a “halcyon era” from which we are straying in the 21st century – because theatrical exhibition is tenuous (as it has been since the 1940s), the home video markets has dried up and people are watching pirated movies on their phone. Spielberg’s coming of age era was for him the halcyon period that the 21st century “implosion” will cause to go “crashing into the ground.”

But he is wrong. As said previously, the market for movies is actually diverse and highly segmented – although from the top down movie industry vantage point and media punditry you would not think this to be true.  Would we really mourn for Mr. Spielberg or ourselves if “Lincoln” would have been made for cable or had played on Public Television?  Is it bad for humanity that cable television is creating wonderful, resonate stories in long-form moving image series that people want to watch at home on TV (or streamed onto their computer)? I don’t think so, but it is a paradigm shift and it might affect people’s theatrical movie going habits. Televisions in people’s homes have had that effect for seven decades – it is not a new phenomenon.

As Art House cinema impresarios we need to focus on what WE can do at our theaters and in our communities. It is not productive for us to fret over what pundits say or about what well-meaning filmmakers like the Stevens – Spielberg and Soderbergh – say. We should fret about what we can do in our communities. What we can do to support filmmakers. What we can do to raise philanthropic support from our communities. What we can do to increase the appreciation of film as art and as a transformational form of creativity. We need to be professional and be constantly innovative and clearly focused on building a robust cinema exhibition businesses in our communities. We do not need to worry about commercial megaplex movie theaters. They will find ways to make money or they will implode and be replaced by other ways to promote large scale, broadly targeted cinema.

Commercial movie theaters have had several “implosions” through the years and new, effective and profitable paradigms have emerged.  1920s era Movie Palaces killed Nickelodeons, the mom and pop storefront cinemas that establish movies as a viable art form and profitable market. Mom and pop theater owners were very upset and felt unfairly treated by the Movie Palace paradigm shift; it was a most tumultuous and difficult era in theatrical movie exhibition.  Technology forced dynamic change as talking pictures made Movie Palaces inefficient. What emerged was the more efficient but less spectacular, single screen cinema-style theaters of the 30s and 40s. Television nearly killed single screen theaters and Movie Palaces, and the shopping mall multiplex theaters of the 1970s finished the job.  Megaplexes killed multiplexes.  Who knows, maybe megaplexes will be killed by high-priced deluxe cinemas with fine dining options – who cares! Maybe all commercial theaters in the future will be like IMAX theaters. The paradigm shift that takes down the megaplex is not a dynamic we as an Art House community will control. We can learn from and adapt to whatever changes may occur to the Megaplex paradigm. However, we do not control those changes so it is fruitless to fret about them. The cinema market is large and diverse and our job is to focus on our small but essential piece of the movie market – the community-based, mission-driven piece of exhibiting cinema to movie lovers in our home towns.  As Ira Deutchman said to us at the Convergence, we must understand and embrace the fact that what we do is hard, but we should never take the easy path.

IN A TIME OF CHANGE ART HOUSE CINEMAS HAVE AN ADVANTAGE

Being connected to your community you have a role in defining that community. You can make sure your community values having an Art House. You must strive to be consistently innovative in how YOU run YOUR Art House; this will create consistent success.  But it requires capital, hard work and the willingness to adapt to changes; changes in technology (digital cinema), in programming (day and date release with home viewing opportunities), in being an effective fund raising professional and a teacher of moving image aesthetics, history and practice. You are the impresario of the most important cultural product created in the American century.  You deserve to be a key quality of life institution in your community.

Although the venal dynamics of Hollywood cause the Art House to be undervalued, we must remember that the Art House is vitally important because it is where the beating heart of cinema culture lives.  We must keep that heart healthy.  Let us execute our heart based Art House cinema in the best possible way, for its own sake and for the general health of our community and cinema art. And, please, let us not be afraid of change.

Change is inevitable. It is foolish to think that change will not happen. Change brings with it opportunity, and there is great opportunity for the Art House to flourish. Why? Because there are more movies made now than at any time in human history. This means all vital channels in which cinema can be presented can succeed – they won’t, but they can. And the community-based Art House has a distinct advantage because, as we have known for a little over 100 years ago, seeing a movie on a big screen, in a darkened room full of strangers is a profound and moving experience. Many humans, many of our neighbors seem to need the experience of gathering communally to experience stories and receive information. The Art House is that place, because it is the community’s living room, or better still, the communal campfire where people can learn, be entertained and transported by stories that are spun by that most brilliant of story tellers – the motion picture.

Keep the faith, Art House friends. You are the best, now let’s get better!

Russ Collins was named today as one of the “2013 Indiewire Influencers

6 thoughts on “Guest Blog: Russ Collins Responds to Steven Spielberg”

  1. I would go one step further and say that while I agree with Spielberg’s assessment that the current Hollywood model is headed toward implosion, I actually think that will be a good thing. Almost all of the transitional moments mentioned by Russ were preceded by some kind of major studio catastrophe. It was the bloated “Cleopatra” that almost put Fox out of business and led to a selloff of the studio back lots and a re-thinking of the business. Later it was “Heaven’s Gate.” In each case, a sort of creative renaissance followed. I can’t wait to see what form the next wave takes.

  2. Ira, I agree. In fact, I hope the implosion causes the huge corporate conglomerates that now own and control the major studios (except Disney and, of course, the phantom MGM — whatever that is now) to jettison the studios. Sony is being pressured by shareholders right now to do this.

    In the world of major corporate conglomerate finance, studios are merely a pin-prick to their bottom line and are kept onboard as window dressing, a little ‘sizzle’ for the shareholders.

    JETTISON THEM! Put them on the market, let some good ol’ fashion movie moguls buy them (I hope YOU will, Ira!) and run them like movie studios again.

    Yes, that means the risk of some horrible choice, such as the putrid Koch bros., but it will also mean re-invigorating the spirit and soul of movie-making.

    The studios still are great operations with wonderful infrastructure capable of making great movies. And, frankly, indies need the studios. Indie films still ride the coattails of the infrastructure that feeds the studios. If studios died, they’d take down all of the support services with them. The independent film industry is too weak and scattered to sustain its own infrastructure.

    So, like you, I see Spielberg’s pronouncement as potentially good news.

  3. Great article. Thank you Russ for writing it and thank you Ira for printing it.

    Everything has indeed changed since I’ve been in the business and will continue to do so long after I am gone. How, when and where people access their stories is always in a state of flux but the need for those stories remains constant. That’s the really good news for the storytellers. Just keep doing what you do.

    I, too, can’t wait for the next page to be turned.

  4. I saw the sneak-premier of Man of Steel last night. It was a freebie for Wal-Mart emeoyleps. Good movie, on a par with Batman Begins. Anyway, I had to tell the kid behind me to stop kicking my seat, twice. His parents were useless. Every time I go to a theater, I think, Why did I do this? I hate this. It’s just a habit. I have two or three decades of pleasant memories associated with theaters, but the last decade has sucked. They’re overpriced and filled with rude, loud, texting morons that I don’t want to pay $50+ for me and my family to share space with.I need to invest in a better home theater. Especially now that movies come out on Netflix/Amazon so quickly, I just need to develop the discipline to look forward to a movie, and wait for it, rather than paying $20 for mediocre popcorn and a Coke Zero that I could do better at home for $3 or better yet, a beer.

  5. Sorry you had such a bad experience. It is less likely that you would have encountered this type of problem in an independent theater, where the staff tend to take better care of things. The bigger point is that seeing a movie in a theater is a DIFFERENT experience than seeing it at home. Some people want to get out and be with other people, and to share the experience with others.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

*

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.